According to my WordPress dashboard, there are still people using this blog for study guides. I am not as prolific with these study aides as I used to be because I am a graduate student now but I do have some other useful bio major-related notes that I thought some people may be interested in. I took a Biostatistics course earlier this year so I have posted my notes for that course. I may post a few more times with notes from other classes if it looks like people would like that.
Enjoy.
All right, this is the last of my notes. These are my advanced organic chemistry notes from a class I took in fall 2011. I went overboard with these ones when I was taking the class; I made a poster for everything. Hopefully you can find something to help you within the dizzying amount of mechanisms. Enjoy.
1,4 Addition of Soft Nucleophiles, Robinson Accumulation, Cuprate 1,4 Addition
Aldehyde Protection and Acetal Deprotection
Aldehyde to Imine in Basic Conditions and Acidic Conditions, Ketone to Eminine
Aldolates from Enolates and Aldehyde
Alkyl Lithium Reagent Mechanism and Preparation of Alkyl Lithium Reagent
Alpha Halogenation and Halofrom Reaction
Bayer-Villager Reaction
Carbon-13 NMR Scale
Carbonyls to Olefins
Chiral to Racemic Mixture
Claisen Condensation and Intramolecular Variant Diechmann Condensation
Cycloaddition of Osmium Tetroxide
Decarboxylation
Enolate Irreversible Bases and Stereoselectivity of Enolates Using Chairs
Enolate Transition States
Epoxide Reaction Under Acidic Conditions
Ester Formation from Acyl Chloride and Anhyrides
Fischer Esterification and Epoxidation with M-Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid
Fischer Indsle Reaction and Padl Knorr Reaction
Using Acid Chloride to Make Esters, Amides, and Carboxylic Acids
Formation of Benzyne During Amino Substitution, Benzyne from Grignard Reagent, and Kobayashi Technique for Making Benzyne
Gabriel Amine Synthesis, Reductive Amination, and Reducing Ketones to Amides
Grignard Reagent Mechanism and Preparation of Grignard Reagent
Halohydrin to Epoxides and Halohydrin Synthesis
Hartwig Buchwald Reaction
Heck Catalytic Cycle
Hydration of Aldehyde and Jones Oxidation
Hydrogen NMR Scale
Hydrolysis of Isonitriles to Make Carboxylic Acids and Hydrolysis of Esters to Make Carboxylic Acids
Intramolecular Substitution of Benzyne and Annealing Benzene to Dienes
Infrared Spectra Values in Detail
Infrared Spectra Values
Keto-Enol Tautomerization and Forming Nucleophile Enolate
Kumada, Stille, Negishi Catalytic Cycle
Lactonization, Iodolactonization, and Selenolactonization
Making Phenol and Migrations
Miguel-Claisen Condensation and Condensation of Ketones
Oxidation using Pyridinium Chlorochromate or Pyridinium Dichromate
Oxidation using Swern Reaction
Propargyl Grignard Reagents, Propargyl to Propargyl Alcohol, and Ester to Tertiary Alcohol Using Grignard Reagents
Reduction Using Wilkinson’s Catalyst
Rubidium Ring-Closing Metathesis
Simmons-Smith Reactions, Formation of Simmons-Smith Reagent, and Other Carbenes to Make Cyclopropanes
SnAr for Bromo-Nitro Arene and SnAr for Substituted Pyridine
Sodium Borohydride and Lithium Aluminum Hydride
Sterochemistry of Alkylation
Suzuki Catalytic Cycle
Synthesis of Amines Using Paladium Catalyst or Lanthanum Catalyst
Using Acid Anhydride to Make Esters, Amides, and Carboxylic Acids
Using Acid Chloride to Make Esters, Amides, and Carboxylic Acids
Using Esters to Make Amides and Using Amides to Make Carboxylic Acids
Williamson’s Ether Synthesis and Ether SN Reaction
Withig Reaction and Forming Phosphonium Ylide
Withig Reaction
As requested, here are some organic chemistry notes from a basic organic chemistry class that I took in spring 2011. The order of these notes are not the order in which they were learned so the information may be from earlier in the year or may be more advanced. The majority of these are mechanisms. Enjoy.
Substitution of Alkyl Sulfonates
SN2 Mechanism
SN1 Mechanism
Rearrangement of Alcohol Dehydration: Methyl Shifts
Rearrangement of Alcohol Dehydration: Hydride Shift
Reactions of Arenes
Preparations of Alkenyl Benzenes
Preparation of Alkynes
Physical Properties
Ozonolysis of Alkenes
Other Mechanisms for Alcohol to Halogen
Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination
Nucleophilic Reactions: Solvents, Substrates, and Nucleophiles
Important Rules of Addition and Other Mechanisms and Stereochemistry Terms I
Important Rules of Addition and Other Mechanisms and Stereochemistry Terms II
Hydrogenation of Alkynes
Hydrogenation of Alkenes
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes
Halogenation of Alkanes Mechanism
Functional Groups
Free-Radical Addition of Hydrogen Bromide
Epoxidation of Alkenes
Energy Differences
Electrophilic Addition of Halogens
E2 Mechanism: Alcohol Dehydration
E1 Mechanism: Alcohol Dehydration
Dienes and Their Reactions
Diels-Alder Reaction
Dehydrohalogenation E1/E2
Conformations of Butane
Confirmations of Disubstituent Cyclohexane
Common Names of Aromatic Compounds
Aromatic Compounds
Allylic Reactions
Alkenes to Vicinal Halohydrin
Alcohol Preparation
Addition Reactions and Ozonolysis of Alkynes
Addition of Sulfuric Acid and Hydration of Alkenes
Addition of Halogens to Alkenes with Dihalides
Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes
Alright, finally getting into the chemistry bits! These study guides are from a biochemistry class that I took in the fall of 2012. Again, if you happen to be browsing through these and see a mistake, feel free to correct it in comment. Enjoy.
Acid-Base Chemistry
Alpha Helices
Amino Acids and pKas
Amino Acids
Base Tautomers
Beta Sheets
Carbohydrates to Know
Chymotrypsin
Collagen and D vs L Stereochemistry
Deoxyribonucleotide and Ribonucleotide Names
Dihedral Angles and Ramachandran Plots
Disaccharides
Formation of Hemiacetals and Hemiketals, Aldose/Ketose and Furanose/Pyranose
Glycosidic Bonds and D-Ribose/Deoxyribose
Heme
Hemoglobin and Myoglobin
Hill Equation
Lipids
Methods for Determining C-Terminal
Methods for Determining N-Terminal
Michaelis-Menten Equation and Lineweaver-Burke Plot
Michaelis-Menten Equation
Phosphodiester Bonds
Protein-Ligand Interactions
Purines and Pyrimidines
Reversible Inhibition
Sample Protein Sequencing Problem
Structure of DNA/RNA, Pentose Rings, Fischer Projections, and Ribose
This is a re-posting of the notes I originally posted on reddit from a general cell biology class I took in spring 2011. I re-scanned them after signing all of them at the suggestion of another redditor. Here they are again in all of their glory.
Actin Filament
Apoptosis
Cell Cycle and Cyclin
Endocytic Pathway
Epithelial Cells
ER Pathways
ER Transport
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
Extracellular Matrix
Glucose Transport
Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle
Intermediate Filaments
Internal and External Signaling in Cell Cycle
LDLs and Lysosomes
Lysosomal Enzymes
Membrane Structure
Microtubules
Mitochondrial Import
Nuclear Transport
Oligosaccharide Glycosylation in the ER
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Protein Structure
Protein Transport
Proteins and the ER
Proteins with Multiple Stop Transfer Sequences
Structure of Amino Acids
Transport Pathways
Types of Transport
Unfolded Protein Response
Here is a small number of study guides that I made for a Microbiology class that I took in fall 2011. There weren’t as many study guides for this particular class because I had several other classes that semester which required a lot more attention (*cough* Orgo II *cough*). Even so, these outline some basic micro concepts. Enjoy.
Cell Wall of Archaea
Gram Stains
Lytic Cycle
Morphology and Motility
Types of Leukocytes
T-Cell Recognition
Cell Wall of Bacteria
Characteristics of Viruses
Complement System
FTS Proteins and Binary Fission
These are the study aids I made for a Genetics class that I took in the fall of 2011. There is a lot of class-specific material in this set like the information relating to the Lac operon and Gal genes but there is also a fair amount of general genetics information. Also I made the pictures larger so you don’t need to click to see them. Enjoy!
Edit October 2014: I noticed there was some errors in the Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes picture so I updated the picture with the corrections.
Bacterial Genetics
Base Modification
Chromosomal Rearrangements I
Chromosomal Rearrangements II
Chromosomal Rearrangements III
Cotranscriptional Processing of RNA
DNA Repair Mechanisms I
DNA Repair Mechanisms II
DNA Replication
DNA Structure
Double Strand Break Repair
Enhancesome Activity
Gal Gene Transcription in Eukaryotes
Independent Assortment and Recombination
Initiation of Replication
Lac Operon Transcription
Linked Genes
Meiosis and Equal Segregation
miRNAS
Modified Mendelian Ratios and Complementation
Operators, Repressors, and Glucose in Lac Operon
Pedigree Analysis
Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Splicesome Assembly and Function
Telomeres
Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Translation Elongation and Termination
Translation Initiation
These posters are from a Homeostasis class that I took in spring of 2011. The topics are a little all over the place because this class burned through a lot of stuff in one semester. There are some in-depth cell biology topics too. Enjoy.
Action Potential I
Action Potential II
Anatomy of Muscles
C4 and CAM Photosynthesis
Calcium Release in Muscle
Chemical Synapses
Calvin Cycle
Endocrine Signaling
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Functional Anatomy of the Chloroplast
Freshwater Fish Physiology
Gas Transport and Respiration
Gated Ion Channels
Light Reaction Complexes
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Light Reaction Energy Breakdown
Long Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus
Marine Fish Physiology
Marine Elasmobranch Physiology
Metabotropic Recceptors
Muscle Contraction
Plant Anatomy
Photorespiration and Photoprotection
Properties of Hemoglobin
Regulation of Carbon Assimilation
Solute Transport
Single Effect, Countercurrent Multiplication, and ADH Effects
Synthesis of Insulin
Uptake of Ions in Freshwater and Marine Fish
Water Potential
Vertebrate Kidney Anatomy
Ashley's Biology Study Guides 